Reproduction introduction in Physiology

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Reproduction

  Reproduction can be defined as the process by which an organism continues its species. In the human reproductive process, is controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. two kinds of sex cells (gametes), are involved: the male gamete (sperm), and the female gamete (egg or ovum)





Gonadotrophin releasing hormone

•      It is secreted by hypothalamic neurons

•      The neurons have rhythmic intrinsic depolarization and secretory activity with self-generated pulsatile secretion, involving short periods of abrupt secretion separated by large periods of low or undetectable secretion.

•      It binds to anterior pituitary gonadotrophs that secrete FSH and LH.

FSH and LH

•      Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH ) and Luteinizing hormone ( LH )are glycopeptides consisting of two subunits, alpha and beta.
•      They share the alpha subunit. Specificity resides in the beta subunit


Estrogen actions  VS Progesterone actions



Hormonal effects of changes in progestagen levels

•      Low levels:
       - Enhance LH secretory response to GnRH.

•      High levels:
      - Inhibit pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins, in the presence of oestrogens.


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