MacroPhage

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Feeding versus fasting In General: Feeding process Fasting process 2 to 4 hours after ingestion of normal meal. 1)        Results from no food ingested after feeding period. 2)        Results from inability to obtain food. 3)        Clinical situations such as trauma, surgery, cancer or burns. Plasma glucose, amino acids, TAG increases decreases Insulin secretion increases glucagon secretion decreases Insulin decreases Glucagon and epinephrine increases Anabolism (TAG, glycogen, protein synthesis increases) Catabolism (degradation of TAG, glycogen and protein increases) Fasting process has 2 priorities: a) to maintain glucose level for brain and RBCs, b) mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue and release ketone bodies from liver. Some basic concepts relatin...

Introduction to Medical Research Research is the systematic collection, analysis and  interpretation of data to answer a certain question or solve a problem - It is crucial to follow cascading scientific steps when conducting one’s research Characteristics of research: 1) It demands a clear statement of the problem .  2) It requires clear objectives and a plan (it is not aimlessly looking for something in order to come across a solution).  3) It builds on existing data, using both positive and negative findings.  4) New data should be systematically collected and analyzed to answer the original research objectives.   Steps of Scientific Research: Selection of Research Area: Selection of this broad entity of research is based on the following: •      researcher’s: •       Specialty •       Interest •       Sc...

Fatty acids are used for energy storage for 2 reasons : a) the carbon atom in FA is highly reduced as the more the atom is electronegative relative to other atoms it is bound with, the more it is reduced and as you know that carbon atom has more electronegativity than hydrogen atom. so, carbon atom will drag electrons towards it and increasing its energy. b) FA aren't hydrated so they can pack more closely in storage. So, fatty acids undergo oxidation to yield energy which is about 9 Kcal/g fat. Fatty acid can be saturated and unsaturated, in this post we will take about saturated and unsaturated will be in another post. Beta-oxidation of Fatty acids: The major catabolism pathway of FA occurs inside mitochondria which is called β-oxidation to produce acetyl CoA, NADH and FADH2. Before β-oxidation for long chain FA (LCFA) ( Saturated form ) occurs, LCFA must be transported through membrane of mitochondria. Steps of translocation of LCFA: a) LCFA is converted int...